Childhood Stuttering A Narrative Review - 1553 Words

Childhood Stuttering: A Narrative Review Yaruss (2004) introduces childhood stuttering as a communication disorder characterized by atypical disfluencies that interrupt the smooth flow of speech. Some disfluencies, such as phrase repetitions, revisions, interjections, and pauses, are common in the speech of typically developing children; however, atypical disfluencies such as prolongations, blocks, and part or whole-word repetitions may be indicative of developmental, or childhood, stuttering (Yaruss, 2004). Byrd and Gillam (2016) describe secondary stuttering behaviors, such as eye blinking, lip pursing, or arm flapping, that are adaptive compensations a child who stutters (CWS) may develop as a way to escape or avoid stuttering.†¦show more content†¦47). In summary, stuttering can result when external pressures exceed the child’s internal fluency capabilities. Genetics may also play a role in the etiology of childhood stuttering. Dworzynski, Remington, Rijsdijk, Howell, and Plomin (2007) analyzed parental reports of stuttering at ages 2, 3, 4, and 7 years from the Twins Early Development Study. The twins with measures of stuttering were classified into groups of recovered or persistent, and the authors used this data to evaluate the influence of environment and to estimate the heritability of recovery or persistence. Their study is the first to provide evidence that stuttering may be heritable as early as age 3. The authors conclude that stuttering and early recovery from stuttering appear to have high indicators of heritability with little evidence of shared environment effect in early childhood. Speech and Language Characteristics Yaruss (2004) explains that the speech characteristics of stuttering include disfluencies such as whole-word repetitions (â€Å"I-I-I like that†), part-word repetitions (â€Å"wa-wa-want this†), sound prolongations (â€Å"lllllistening†), and blocks (â€Å"l—ike this†). These types of disfluencies are often called â€Å"atypical† orShow MoreRelatedADHD936 Words   |  4 Pages In a sample of 49 children with ADHD and a control group, the ADHD group had significantly more impairment in regards to creating a causal structure and goal plan narrative (Flory et al., 2006). Other studies have found similar deficits in verbal comprehension abilities for persons with ADHD. Lorch et al.’s (1998) literature review found individuals with ADHD had difficulty understanding causal relations in stories. Samples of seven to 12-year-old boys with (n=29) and without (n=41) ADHD wereRead MoreEvaluation Of A Checklist Assessment1538 Words   |  7 P ageshelps teachers to document a child’s early means of communicating. It is important to write down criteria or evidence that a student is and can demonstrate the outcome. 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Acquiring a Firm Resolve Dignifying Maturity in the Short Story Free Essays

There are moments in our lives when we radically change. Something happens to us that transforms us into a new person. It may come as we read an engaging text, as we undergo an enlightening experience, or as we witness an interesting event. We will write a custom essay sample on Acquiring a Firm Resolve: Dignifying Maturity in the Short Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now The catalyst for this radical change may vary, but its impact will always be the same: we can never go back to our old self, because the change, once done, marks our individual history. This is what happens to Sammy, the main character of the short story, â€Å"AP† written by John Updike. Sammy undergoes a personal change, a change that makes him take a stand and evolve from an immature teenager to a young man strongly resolved to stand firm in his beliefs. In the first part of the story, we see Sammy’s immaturity as he ogles at the three scantily clad girls. He observes them like any normal teenage boy; he sees the girls as objects of interest because of the way they are dressed.   He is delighted by their presence because of his attraction to them, especially to the dominant girl in the group whom he calls Quennie, who is â€Å"more than pretty† (page number). Sammy even goofs around with his co-worker Stokesie, reveling in the presence of the girls who are so misplaced, wearing bathing suits at a grocery store: You know, it’s one thing to have a girl in a bathing suit down on the beach, where what with the glare nobody can look at each other much anyway, and another thing in the cool of the A P, under the fluorescent lights, against all those stacked packages, with her feet paddling along naked over our checkerboard green-and-cream rubber-tile floor. How to cite Acquiring a Firm Resolve: Dignifying Maturity in the Short Story, Papers

Analysis of Blurred Lines by Robin Thicke Essay Example For Students

Analysis of Blurred Lines by Robin Thicke Essay In the summer of 2013, the hit that took the nation by storm, Blurred Lines, by Robin Thicke, could be heard on what seemed to be almost every radio station in America. Its indeterminate lyrics and catchy tune made it easy to tap your toe and maybe even join in a couple hey hey heys ? with Pharrell Williams. The video is near 3. 5 million hits on Youtube. It was the number one song for sixteen weeks in a row, (a new record for Billboard. ) And it had over five million downloads (legally) in its first thirty weeks. It was obviously a favorite a song to define a summer. Yet this presented a problem much larger than the song itself; although its popularity was through the roof, the lyrics are among some of the more common phrases that are said to rape victims (Info from Project Unbreakable). These seemingly harmless words are a perpetuation of the Rape Culture that is becoming more and more prevalent today; and the acceptance of this song, and others like it, just goes to show how oblivious most people are to the vulgarity of what we listen to. The song Blurred Lines (by Robin Thicke, featuring Pharrell Williams and T. I. ) debuted in March of 2013, and hit its peak later that summer. Since that time it has become one of the most controversial songs of the decade. While it was nominated for three Grammy Awards that year, Robin Thicke also took home the title of Sexist of the Year from the End Violence Against Women Coalition. Thickes MTV Video Music Awards performance of the song with Miley Cyrus was the most Tweeted about event in history, pulling in a record 360,000 tweets per minute. Its raunchy and inappropriate nature was a shock to many who saw the performance, and for those who missed it there were videos and pictures readily available on the internet within a couple hours. Overall there was a very mixed reception to the song, but by taking a closer look at the lyrics themselves we are able to see that those people who were upset with the artists had a right to feel that way. Blurred Lines begins with an invitation from Pharrell Williams for everybody who hears the song to join in with the artists, Everybody get up! ? This is followed by Robin Thicke addressing a young woman in what is most likely a club or party atmosphere. He claims that her last boyfriend tried to domesticate ? her, but she was too wild for him and that he (Thicke) can set her free from that constricting situation. Then comes the chorus along with the lyrics that are the most relative to Rape Culture in this song; Thicke addresses this wild ? woman as a good girl, ? followed by the eerie echo of I know you want it. He then goes on to say, I hate these blurred lines. ? What are the lines hes referencing? Within the context of the song it would seem that it is what has become the tragically gray area between consent and rape. Thicke claims that this womans actions are perpetuating his behavior because he knows what she wants, even though she has not said anything. Nothing makes this assertion clearer than the line, You wanna hug me. What rhymes with hug me? ? this is followed by laughter, and he presumably wants fuck me to be inferred by the listener. The next part of the song is a rap portion that is done by T. I. and is mostly unintelligible unless listened to closely, and even then some parts are indeterminate. He begins with asking a woman to sexually dance on him, and states that, I had a bitch but she aint as bad as you,? implying that she is the naughty one in this situation. He then tells her to hit him up if shes around and hell give her something big enough to tear (her) ass in two. .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 , .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 .postImageUrl , .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 , .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413:hover , .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413:visited , .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413:active { border:0!important; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413:active , .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413 .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc391c6c6fd8e6ef8bdf805af3eb12413:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis Of ' Purple Hibiscus By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie And The Kite Runner ' EssayThis is likely a reference to anal sex, and the listener is left unsure of whether or not the woman ever consented to this act. He says that even when shes dressed casually or normally he is having sexual thoughts about her, he would never let her get away from him, and that her last guy didnt treat her like he will, (maybe because her last guy didnt smack her ass? or pull her hair?). No matter who is singing in this song they are begging for female attention and waiting for acknowledgement, or consent, to their advances, but it never comes. This song prompted many people to take action, and because of it new organizations have brought others to attention about the issues that surround rape, and what rape really is. The No Blurred Lines? campaign was set up by police in Devon and Cornwall England for new college students with the message that sex without consent is rape. They even used the popular Twitter trend of hashtags to make it more easily accessible, (#NoBlurredLines. ) Another campaign that is gaining headway is Project Unbreakable whose mission is to increase awareness of the issues surrounding sexual assault and encourage the act of healing through art. One of the more powerful articles they were involved with was a review of the song with pictures of victims holding up signs that had quotes from their attackers that all echo the lyrics to Blurred Lines. Its a very powerful piece, especially when you can see the faces of people who have been sexually assaulted, what they were told, and who their attackers were. Clearly some changes need to made in our culture if my nine-year-old sister can be heard singing songs akin to this one. She doesnt know what shes saying or promoting, but someday she may wish she had. This rape culture ? and mentality that is seen prevalently today is wrong and needs to be righted. The lyrics to the song Blurred Lines are just one example of this, but the changes need to start somewhere. Through campaigns such as No Blurred Lines and Project Unbreakable many people are becoming more aware of the issues surrounding our culture, and what can be done to change it. By establishing a clear distinction between what is consent and what is rape there will hopefully be some turnaround, but there cannot be reliance on this alone. Songs like Blurred Lines shouldnt be produced at all, let alone go number one worldwide. The music industry has greater influence than we think, and by cleaning up not only song lyrics, but their videos as well, this could help promote female empowerment rather than degradation. Dominating ideas can be perpetuated subliminally through things like music, ads, and clothing, but once popular areas like these are turned toward an awareness of what theyre promoting exactly, then maybe there wont be such acceptance of lyrics like the ones in Blurred Lines. Bibliography: http://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/nov/13/blurred-lines-most-controversial-song-decade http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/robinthicke/blurredlines.html http://projectunbreakable.tumblr.com