Childhood Stuttering A Narrative Review - 1553 Words

Childhood Stuttering: A Narrative Review Yaruss (2004) introduces childhood stuttering as a communication disorder characterized by atypical disfluencies that interrupt the smooth flow of speech. Some disfluencies, such as phrase repetitions, revisions, interjections, and pauses, are common in the speech of typically developing children; however, atypical disfluencies such as prolongations, blocks, and part or whole-word repetitions may be indicative of developmental, or childhood, stuttering (Yaruss, 2004). Byrd and Gillam (2016) describe secondary stuttering behaviors, such as eye blinking, lip pursing, or arm flapping, that are adaptive compensations a child who stutters (CWS) may develop as a way to escape or avoid stuttering.†¦show more content†¦47). In summary, stuttering can result when external pressures exceed the child’s internal fluency capabilities. Genetics may also play a role in the etiology of childhood stuttering. Dworzynski, Remington, Rijsdijk, Howell, and Plomin (2007) analyzed parental reports of stuttering at ages 2, 3, 4, and 7 years from the Twins Early Development Study. The twins with measures of stuttering were classified into groups of recovered or persistent, and the authors used this data to evaluate the influence of environment and to estimate the heritability of recovery or persistence. Their study is the first to provide evidence that stuttering may be heritable as early as age 3. The authors conclude that stuttering and early recovery from stuttering appear to have high indicators of heritability with little evidence of shared environment effect in early childhood. Speech and Language Characteristics Yaruss (2004) explains that the speech characteristics of stuttering include disfluencies such as whole-word repetitions (â€Å"I-I-I like that†), part-word repetitions (â€Å"wa-wa-want this†), sound prolongations (â€Å"lllllistening†), and blocks (â€Å"l—ike this†). 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